Here's a very abbreviated history about Jews living in Ottoman Empire Palestine before the Zionist movement.

As you'll remember, the Ottoman Empire was a relatively good place to be for Jews in the 1400s and 1500s. Jews were second-class citizens under Muslim law, but mass violence against them was rarely heard of. Under Muslim leadership, Jews and Christians (dhimmis) had to pay higher taxes than their Muslim neighbors, and were denied to right to bear arms or engage in certain areas of commerce. In return, their life and property were safeguarded.

In the next few centuries, the position of the Jews deteriorated as the Ottoman Empire itself deteriorated. As European economic influence grew in the 1800s, European-style anti-Semitism spread through the Empire. Economic circumstances supported the spread of prejudice. The Jews in the Ottoman Empire, like their Christian counterparts, had begun receiving European education through newly-developed international religious institutions. Thus they were well-positioned to take advantage of the emerging capitalist economy. As European capitalism made greater and greater inroads into the Ottoman Empire, Jews were becoming serious economic competition for Muslims Slowly, European anti-Semitic literature started making its way through the region, influencing the state and individuals. However, at the same time, European-style emancipation and ideas about egalitarianism were also spreading through the region, raising Jews and Christians to the level of Muslims in the eyes of the Empire. Despite anti-Semitism, the general position of Jews actually improved through mid- to late-1800s.